![]() No alternative pathsĪ basic requirement for every Ethernet network is the avoidance of any loops. ![]() ![]() cables), network switches and even network interfaces. Media redundancy describes concepts that compensate for breakdowns in a distributed network system, including network media (e.g. A communication network is designed in such a way that it can compensate for the breakdown of a communication link through a standby and failover mechanism to a secondary network connection. Network media redundancy is a concept that concentrates on communication network redundancy. However, complete system redundancy is the most expensive way of high availability. ![]() High availability can be achieved by using complete system redundancy – every device is doubled using duplicated SCADA systems, servers, controllers, sensors and actuators, as well as duplicated networks.Īs every component is available two times independently, any random failure should not influence the system, as long as the second system continues to run properly. THE FAILURE of certain components in factory automation, process industry or substation automation applications, which never can be totally avoided, have to be handled in a way that minimises the influence to the system.
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